Health Research Journal

Literature Review: Factors Influencing Emergency Department Nurses’ Ability in Managing Head Injury Patients

Ratih Wulansari — 2025-12-28

Head injury is a traumatic event that causes morphological damage to the structures of the human head due to external force and requires appropriate, rapid, safe, and effective medical management to save patients’ lives. Emergency Department (ED) nurses play a critical role in the initial management of head injury patients, and their ability is influenced by various individual and professional factors. This study employed a literature review design. Scientific articles were obtained from Google Scholar and PubMed databases published between 2015 and 2020. Relevant articles were manually selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. A total of nine journals published within the last five years and relevant to the research questions were included in the review. The findings indicate that several factors influence the ability of ED nurses in managing head injury patients. Based on the nine reviewed journals, ED nurses generally demonstrated good knowledge of early head injury management, had more than ten years of work experience, showed fast response times, possessed adequate clinical skills, administered oxygen therapy accurately, had high levels of triage knowledge, and performed head injury management in accordance with established procedures. Knowledge, clinical skills, work experience, and response time are key factors influencing ED nurses’ ability to manage head injury patients. Hospitals are therefore expected to provide regular emergency care training, particularly for newly assigned ED nurses, to improve knowledge and strengthen nurses’ competencies in head injury management.

Literature Review: Home Care Services in Improving Patient Satisfaction

Sri Wulandari — 2025-12-28

High hospital care costs and long lengths of stay are common problems faced by patients, particularly those from low socioeconomic backgrounds who require affordable and accessible health services. The increasing cost of health care and significant budget constraints have encouraged the development of home care services as an alternative strategy to reduce hospitalization costs and duration. This study aims to review the literature on the role of home care services in improving patient satisfaction. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, Google Cendekia, and PubMed databases published between 2015 and 2020. The findings indicate a significant relationship between home care services and increased patient and family satisfaction. Home-based care provides a more comfortable environment than hospital care, contributing to faster recovery and improved psychological well-being. However, limited public trust, inadequate socialization, and insufficiently trained health professionals remain challenges. Therefore, strengthening socialization programs and improving the competence of home care teams through training are recommended.

The Relationship Between Gratitude and Blood Glucose Levels Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Novia Putri Rizqi — 2025-12-28

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion or action. In addition to pharmacological management, non-pharmacological interventions focusing on psychological well-being are increasingly recognized as important components of diabetes care. Gratitude therapy, which emphasizes positive thinking and appreciation of life experiences, has been suggested to improve emotional regulation and physiological outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between gratitude and blood glucose levels among patients with diabetes mellitus. This study employed a quantitative correlational design. A total of 61 patients with elevated blood glucose levels were selected using simple random sampling from a population of 156 patients. Gratitude was measured as the independent variable, while blood glucose level was the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of p < .05. The results showed that 85.2% of respondents had high levels of gratitude, while 70.5% had normal blood glucose levels. Statistical analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between gratitude and blood glucose levels (r = 0.649, p = .000), indicating a significant relationship. These findings suggest that higher levels of gratitude are associated with better glycemic control. Gratitude therapy may therefore be recommended as a complementary intervention to support blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Efforts to Address Childhood Obesity: A Literature Review

Ravensky Difa Mahesy — 2025-12-28

Childhood obesity is a growing public health problem caused by unhealthy dietary patterns, excessive intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods, and insufficient physical activity. If not addressed early, childhood obesity may persist into adulthood and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. Several non-pharmacological interventions have been proposed to prevent and manage childhood obesity, including self-control techniques, HAN therapy (hypnosis, physical activity, and nutrition), and FUN Water therapy. This literature review aimed to analyze efforts to address childhood obesity through self-control techniques, HAN therapy, and FUN Water therapy. This study employed a literature review design. Articles were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Indonesian National Library database. A total of 8,497 articles were identified using relevant keywords. After screening based on inclusion criteria full-text availability, relevance to childhood obesity interventions, publication years between 2015 and 2020, and Indonesian or English language nine articles were selected for review. The review showed that self-control techniques help children regulate eating behavior and physical activity, although maternal knowledge alone was not significantly associated with attitudes toward managing childhood obesity (p = .458). HAN therapy demonstrated positive outcomes in improving dietary patterns, increasing physical activity, and supporting healthy weight management through family involvement. FUN Water therapy was found to be an enjoyable physical activity that effectively increases energy expenditure and helps prevent overweight and obesity in children. Childhood obesity can be addressed through comprehensive behavioral and lifestyle interventions. Self-control techniques, HAN therapy, and FUN Water therapy are effective non-pharmacological approaches that can support obesity prevention and management in children when implemented consistently with family involvement.

The Effectiveness of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Education using Audio-Visual Media and Simulation among Women of Childbearing Age

Likah Liantika Anggraini — 2025-12-28

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women. Early detection through Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is a simple and cost-effective however, BSE behavior among Women of Childbearing Age (WCA) is still low. Health education using appropriate media is expected to improve BSE behavior. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of BSE education using audio-visual media compared with discussion and simulation of BSE techniques among Women of Childbearing Age. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a two-group posttest-only approach. The population consisted of 60 Women of Childbearing Age, with a sample of 30 respondents selected using simple random sampling. Respondents were divided into two groups: audio-visual education (n = 15) and discussion with BSE technique simulation (n = 15). Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that 14 respondents (93.3%) in the audio-visual group and all respondents (100%) in the simulation group demonstrated very good BSE behavior. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two educational methods (p = 0.350). BSE education using audio-visual media and simulation techniques is effective in improving BSE behavior among Women of Childbearing Age. Both methods show comparable effectiveness and are recommended for implementation in health services and community-based health promotion programs.